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SSL certificates and HTTPS explained

HTTPS encrypts the connection between a visitor and your site and verifies its domain name. It is essential for forms and accounts, but does not make vulnerable software secure.

Which certificate to choose

Most sites can use a domain-validated DV certificate, including free options. Wildcard certificates cover one subdomain level; SAN certificates can include multiple names. Choose based on your domain structure.

Installation goes beyond issuance

Install the full certificate chain, configure HTTPS and HTTP redirects, and remove mixed content. Check forms, external resources and URLs in canonical tags and sitemap.xml.

Renewal and monitoring

Set up automatic renewal and an independent expiry alert. Verify that the server actually uses the renewed certificate. Enable HSTS for all subdomains only after checking their HTTPS readiness.

If the browser shows a warning

Possible causes include expiry, a name mismatch, an incomplete chain or HTTP resources. Fix the cause instead of asking visitors to bypass the warning.

Primary reference: letsencrypt.org

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